Association between physical activity and mental health in health professionals in the context of the pandemic: a study in southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between physical activity (PA) and mental health among health professionals in southern Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 101 workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health and PA were assessed using the questionnaires. The association of PA with stress was tested by linear regression, and anxiety and depressive symptoms by Poisson regression. RESULTS: The stress was inversely associated with individuals who performed some PA (ß:-3.53;95% CI:-6.63;-0.44) and who met the PA recommendations (active) (ß:-6.84;95% CI:-12.44;-1.24). Workers who performed some PA (PR:0.76;95% CI:0.67;0.86) and were active (PR:0.75;95% CI:0.60;0.93) were less likely to have severe symptoms of anxiety. For depression, workers who performed some PA (PR:0.81;95% CI:0.71;0.92) and were active (PR:0.69;95% CI:0.54;0.88), the probability was also smaller. CONCLUSIONS: The practice of PA was inversely associated with symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety.

Nutritional factors and pressure injury risk in hospitalised patients post-stroke.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse the nutritional factors and pressure injury (PI) risk in hospitalised patients post-stroke. METHOD: The research employed a descriptive observational method in which patients ≥18 years of age were followed for six days. Nutritional evaluation was based on anthropometric and dietary factors. The nutritional risk was assessed via anthropometric measurements, Braden nutrition subscale and daily dietary intake. PI risk was evaluated through the Braden Scale. The Wilcoxon test, paired t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were applied and corrected with Bonferroni correction or analysis of variance, followed by the post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS: During their hospital stays, the participating 59 patients had an increase in sensory perception (p=0.02) and nutrition (p=0.005) scores. It was observed that patients at high risk of PI did not meet daily nutritional recommendations for calories, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and micronutrients (zinc, selenium and copper) compared with patients at low-to-moderate risk. Weight (p<0.001), body mass index (p<0.001), calf (p=0.01) and arm (p=0.04) circumferences, and subscapular (p=0.003) and triceps (p<0.001) skinfolds decreased during the six days of hospitalisation. CONCLUSION: From the findings of this study, it was concluded that nutritional factors, such as unmet recommended daily nutritional requirements of macronutrients and micronutrients, and nutritional status are associated with a higher risk of developing a PI.

Qualidade de vida e imagem corporal após cirurgia bariátrica e de contorno corporal / Quality of life and body image after bariatric and body contouring surgery

Introdução: A procura pela cirurgia de contorno corporal após a cirurgia bariátrica se deve em grande parte a uma insatisfação com a imagem corporal prejudicada pela flacidez e excesso de pele decorrente da grande perda ponderal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida e a imagem corporal de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica e posteriormente a cirurgia de contorno corporal em uma clínica privada. Método: Este estudo transversal comparou 4 grupos distintos de 21 pacientes cada, pareados por índice de massa corporal e idade antes de realizarem a cirurgia bariátrica. Foram divididos nos tempos antes/depois da cirurgia bariátrica e antes/depois da cirurgia de contorno corporal, formando assim os grupos A, B, C e D, respectivamente. Foi utilizado o questionário SF-36 para avaliação da qualidade de vida e a Escala de Silhuetas proposta por Kakeshita para avaliação da imagem corporal. Para o nível de significância, foi escolhido p<0,05. Resultados: Houve melhora em todos os domínios do SF-36 após a cirurgia bariátrica. Os pacientes que procuraram a cirurgia de contorno corporal apresentaram o menor valor do componente de saúde mental, com pouca alteração após a cirurgia de contorno corporal. Quase todos os grupos superestimaram a sua silhueta, exceto para o grupo de 6 meses após a cirurgia bariátrica, que se viu menor. Conclusão: Pacientes bariátricos que procuram a cirurgia de contorno corporal apresentam escores inferiores de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde mental e que permanecem menores após a cirurgia de contorno corporal. A distorção da imagem corporal e expectativas irreais podem justificar esse achado.

Introduction: The demand for body contouring surgery after bariatric surgery is largely due to dissatisfaction with body image impaired by sagging and excess skin resulting from massive weight loss. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life and body image of patients undergoing bariatric surgery and body contouring surgery in a private clinic. Method: This cross-sectional study compared 4 groups of 21 patients, matched by body mass index and age before undergoing bariatric surgery. They were divided into times before/after bariatric surgery and before/after body contouring surgery, thus forming groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. The SF-36 questionnaire assessed the quality of life, and the Silhouette Scale proposed by Kakeshita to assess body image. For the significance level, p<0.05 was chosen. Results: There was an improvement in all SF-36 domains after bariatric surgery. Patients who sought body contouring surgery had the lowest mental health component value, with little change after body contouring surgery. Almost all groups overestimated their silhouette, except for the group of 6 months after bariatric surgery, which saw itself as smaller. Conclusion: Bariatric patients seeking body contouring surgery have lower mental health-related quality of life scores that remain lower after body contouring surgery.

Brazilian Consumers' Perception towards Food Labeling Models Accompanying Self-Service Foods.

The study aimed to evaluate consumers' perception of self-service foods' nutrition labels. This qualitative and quantitative assessment was performed with potential consumers at food services. Four food labeling formats, traditional, simplified, traffic-light, and warning, were proposed to evaluate three types of sandwiches: simple, chicken, and hamburger. Data were collected via an online survey from April to May 2020. The study included 413 subjects. The respondents preferred the traffic-light format, but there was a good understanding and acceptability of all four models. The traffic-light and warning nutrition labeling models, which showed health warnings, led to a reduction in the choice of the Simple Sandwich and the Hamburger. Most respondents (96.1%, n = 397) agreed that it is necessary to complement the information on food labels with ingredients and the number of calories per serving. Therefore, it is essential to have legislation regulating such issues. Consumers' choices improved with the increase in the information placed on the products. This research demonstrated that nutrition labels explain what exists currently and that consumers require such information. Thus, food labeling may positively influence consumers' choices.

Low Food Consumption Interferes with the Nutritional Status of Surgical Patients with Neoplasia of the Gastrointestinal Tract.

Nutritional support strongly influence the nutritional status of the surgical neoplastic patients. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of food consumption on the perioperative nutritional status of hospitalized patients with neoplasia of the upper (UGIT) and lower (LGIT) gastrointestinal tract. METHOD: Observational, longitudinal, and prospective study. Data collected: food consumption, Subjective Global Assessment, anthropometry, laboratory tests. RESULTS: Eighty patients were followed up: 43 (54%) in the UGIT and 37 (46%) in the LGIT. The consumption in the perioperative period was lower than the usual consumption in the UGIT and LGIT groups, respectively, of energy (14.2 ± 6.5; 22.8 ± 11.2 Kcal/kg/d, p < 0.001; 13.6 ± 1.2; 19.0 ± 2.0 Kcal/kg/d; p = 0.014), protein (1.1 ± 0.7; 0.6 ± 0.3 g/kg/d, p < 0.001; 0.8 ± 0.1; 0.5 ± 0.1 g/kg/d; p = 0.058), selenium, zinc and copper. Most patients presented in the UGIT and LGIT groups, respectively, worsening malnutrition and muscle depletion according to the Subjective Global Assessment (61.9%; 51.4%) and hypoalbuminemia, mainly in the UGIT in the postoperative. CONCLUSION: Low food consumption during the perioperative period associated with prolongation of the postoperative fasting period worsens the nutritional status of patients undergoing surgery of the gastrointestinal tract for neoplasia, especially in the UGIT group.

Natural Occurring Muscular Sarcocysts in Urban Domestic Cats (Felis catus) Without Sarcocystis-Associated Disease.

PURPOSE: Despite of classically acting as definitive hosts of different Sarcocystis species, domestic cats have been pointed out as possible intermediate hosts of S. neurona and S. felis. Nonetheless, details concerning natural sarcocyst development in cats without Sarcocystis-associated disease are scarce. This study aimed to characterize the natural occurrence of muscular sarcocysts in a random group of cats submitted for necropsy. METHODS: One hundred cats necropsied at a Veterinary Pathology Service were included. Nine different muscular tissues from each cat were sampled for histological analysis and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using multispecies primers for Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. PCR-positive cases were sequenced for genus and species identification. Epidemiologic data was also analyzed. RESULTS: Tissue sarcocysts were identified in hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides from five cats, and S. neurona was the only confirmed species. Multifocal sarcocysts affecting two or more muscles were common among positive cats (4/5). Sarcocysts were identified within vastus lateralis (3/5), intercostal (3/5), subscapular (2/5) and diaphragm (2/5) sections. These cysts were always incidental necropsy findings. All sarcocyst-positive cats were from urban areas, among which two were feral and three were pets. Outdoor access was consistently reported. Two cats were positive for retrovirosis, and treatments with potentially immunosuppressive drugs were never stated. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the natural occurrence of S. neurona muscular sarcocysts in a random group of cats without Sarcocystis-associated disease. These findings reinforce the participation of feral and pet cats from urban areas as natural intermediate hosts of S. neurona.

Dysphagia, Immobility, and Diet Acceptance: Main Factors Associated with Increased Risk of Pressure Injury in Patients Hospitalized after Stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the predisposing factors for PI in patients hospitalized after stroke. METHODS: This 7-day longitudinal study followed up with patients hospitalized after stroke. Assessments included mobility, nutrition, and the presence of dysphagia and anemia. The nutrition evaluation was based on anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary determinants. Pressure injury (PI) risk was assessed via the Braden Scale. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied. RESULTS: Patients who were bedridden showed a greater risk of PI development upon admission (P = .004) and 7 days later (P < .001) compared with patients who could ambulate. Patients who were not dysphagic presented a lower risk of PI development in relation to patients who were dysphagic on admission (P = .047) and 7 days later (P < .001). On admission, patients with good and average diet acceptance had a lower PI risk (P = .002; P = .034) compared with those with a low acceptance. Body mass index was lower in patients at a high risk of developing PI compared with those at moderate risk (P = .02). Hemoglobin and hematocrit were statistically lower among patients who were at high risk of PI compared with patients who were low risk. CONCLUSIONS: Predisposing factors such as immobility, dysphagia, low diet acceptance, nutrition risk, and anemia are associated with a greater risk of PI development.

Caregivers' Perceptions Regarding Oral Health Status of Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the perception of caregivers regarding the oral health status of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) and those with typical development. Study Design: Study group (SG) was composed of 35 children and adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of CP and their caregivers. Control group (CG) was composed of 35 individuals with typical development (matched with the SG for age, sex and caries activity) and their caregivers. Questionnaire was administered to caregivers addressing the oral health of individuals under their care. Caries activity, dmft/DMFT index, visible plaque index (VPI) and occlusal characteristics were determined. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the perceptions of dental problems (p = 0.004) and gingival bleeding (p = 0.013). Individuals in SG whose caregivers perceived dental problems had a higher mean VPI (50.84 ± 5.11%) than those in CG (27.97 ± 6.50%). The mean dmft/DMFT in the SG was 2.77 ± 3.20. Class II molar relationship, overjet and anterior open bite were more prevalent in the SG. Conclusion: Caregivers of children/adolescents with CP perceive more oral problems, such as visible plaque, gingival bleeding and malocclusion, than caregivers of children/ adolescents with typical development.

Perfil bioquímico de pacientes diabéticos de um laboratório privado da região sul do Brasil / Biochemical profile of diabetic patients in a private laboratory in southern Brazil

O diabetes é uma doença crônica decorrente de hiperglicemia permanente. A hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) resulta da ligação não enzimática entre a hemoglobina e a glicose. A dosagem da mesma é o principal determinante para avaliação do controle glicêmico em pacientes diabéticos. Este estudo objetivou correlacionar idade, perfil glicêmico e lipídico em uma amostra de prontuários de portadores de Diabetes Melito (DM), em um laboratório privado da região sul do Brasil. Foram analisados 776 prontuários no período entre janeiro a março de 2018, sendo que os prontuários foram obtidos a partir de registros dos meses entre março de 2016 a março de 2018. Analisamos HbA1c, glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, LDL-colesterol e HDL-colesterol. Nossos resultados mostram predominância de mulheres idosas (61%), não havendo variação de idade entre os gêneros, em ambos foi possível observar correlação negativa e significativa entre idade e LDL-C. Não houve clara associação entre HbA1c e perfil lipídico na amostra estudada. Os resultados demonstraram aumento nos níveis de HbA1c e redução no colesterol total e LDL-C nos pacientes acima de 60 anos. Encontramos uma forte correlação positiva entre os parâmetros HbA1c e glicose, em ambos os gêneros. As correlações entre idade e demais variáveis foram fracas, entre ambos. (AU)

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by the presence of permanent hyperglycemia. Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) is formed through the non-enzymatic binding of hemoglobin and glucose. Its dosage in blood is one of the most relevant factors in the evaluation of the glycemic control. The aim of this study is to correlate age, glycemic and lipid profiles in a sample of 776 patients diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus (DM), from a laboratory in southern Brazil. A total of 776 medical records were analyzed between January and March 2018, and the records were obtained from the records of the months between March 2016 and March 2018. HbA1c, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol values were analyzed. Our results show a predominance of elderly women (61%), with no age variation between genders, in both it was possible to observe negative and significant correlation between age and LDL-C. There was no clear association between HbA1c and lipid profile. The results showed increased levels of HbA1c and a reduction in total cholesterol and LDL-C in patients over 60 years. A strong positive correlation was found between HbA1c and glucose parameters in both genders. The correlations between age and other variables were weak between both. (AU)

Perfil bioquímico de pacientes diabéticos de um laboratório privado da região sul do Brasil / Biochemical profile of diabetic patients in a private laboratory in southern Brazil

O diabetes é uma doença crônica decorrente de hiperglicemia permanente. A hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) resulta da ligação não enzimática entre a hemoglobina e a glicose. A dosagem da mesma é o principal determinante para avaliação do controle glicêmico em pacientes diabéticos. Este estudo objetivou correlacionar idade, perfil glicêmico e lipídico em uma amostra de prontuários de portadores de Diabetes Melito (DM), em um laboratório privado da região sul do Brasil. Foram analisados 776 prontuários no período entre janeiro a março de 2018, sendo que os prontuários foram obtidos a partir de registros dos meses entre março de 2016 a março de 2018. Analisamos HbA1c, glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, LDL-colesterol e HDL-colesterol. Nossos resultados mostram predominância de mulheres idosas (61%), não havendo variação de idade entre os gêneros, em ambos foi possível observar correlação negativa e significativa entre idade e LDL-C. Não houve clara associação entre HbA1c e perfil lipídico na amostra estudada. Os resultados demonstraram aumento nos níveis de HbA1c e redução no colesterol total e LDL-C nos pacientes acima de 60 anos. Encontramos uma forte correlação positiva entre os parâmetros HbA1c e glicose, em ambos os gêneros. As correlações entre idade e demais variáveis foram fracas, entre ambos.

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by the presence of permanent hyperglycemia. Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) is formed through the non-enzymatic binding of hemoglobin and glucose. Its dosage in blood is one of the most relevant factors in the evaluation of the glycemic control. The aim of this study is to correlate age, glycemic and lipid profiles in a sample of 776 patients diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus (DM), from a laboratory in southern Brazil. A total of 776 medical records were analyzed between January and March 2018, and the records were obtained from the records of the months between March 2016 and March 2018. HbA1c, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol values were analyzed. Our results show a predominance of elderly women (61%), with no age variation between genders, in both it was possible to observe negative and significant correlation between age and LDL-C. There was no clear association between HbA1c and lipid profile. The results showed increased levels of HbA1c and a reduction in total cholesterol and LDL-C in patients over 60 years. A strong positive correlation was found between HbA1c and glucose parameters in both genders. The correlations between age and other variables were weak between both.

Prevalence of Solid Neoplasms Diagnosed Between the Years of 2011 to 2016 and Oncologically Treated at the University Hospital of Santa Maria.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a public health problem, especially in developing countries. In order to establish effective measures for the cancer control, there is a need for quality information, thus enabling a better understanding of the disease and its determinants, formulation of causal hypotheses, evaluation of the technological advances applied to prevention and treatment as well as the effectiveness of health care. The objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence of solid neoplasms diagnosed between the years 2011 to 2016 and treated at the Oncology Department of the University Hospital of Santa Maria and the existing oncological context. METHODS: This is an observational cross-sectional study. The target population was comprised of adult patients (18 years of age or older) and elderly people (60 years of age or older) diagnosed with solid cancer by anatomico-pathological examination between 2011 and 2016, who started oncological treatment, according to high complexity procedure authorization (APAC)/Oncology. RESULTS: A total of 2,757 patients were selected, of which 1,493 patients were female (54.2%) and 1,264 male (45.8%). The mean age at the time of initiation of treatment was 59.94 years for both sexes, with the 95% confidence interval (59.44 - 60.44). The majority of patients were aged 61 - 70 years, totaling 747 patients, followed by 718 patients between 51 - 60 years. In all 31 primary sites identified the most prevalent one of neoplasms are breast, prostate, colorectal and lung; and most cases were stage IV (1,039 cases). A percentage of the number of cases of breast and esophageal cancer was higher than expected, and in contrast to a low percentage of hepatocarcinoma, kidney cancer and central nervous system tumors. The patients came from the entire area of the fourth Health Coordinating Area, where 100% of the municipalities referred to the institution, as well as other nine locations belonging to other coordinators. CONCLUSION: Most of the data obtained are consistent with the Brazilian reality, not identifying any peculiar characteristic of this region of the study worthy of note, except for the difference in the prevalence of some types of cancer, a fact that deserves further studies. There were also no discrepancies in a regional analysis. Along with this work, it was possible to demonstrate the cancer situation and the profile of oncology patients attended at a reference center for 41 municipalities, mainly in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state, which may be useful in the elaboration of public policies to modify the profile identified, and serve as the basis for further studies in this region.

Elaboração e análise sensorial de biscoito recheado enriquecido com fibras e com menor teor de gordura / Development and sensorial analysis of stuffed cookie enriched with fibers and with lower fat content

Atualmente, observa-se que as crianças consomem, em grande quantidade, alimentos contendo excesso de gorduras e pobres em fibras como: balas, salgadinhos, alimentos fast food e biscoitos recheados. Com a necessidade de se elaborar alimentos mais saudáveis, buscou-se por meio do presente estudo elaborar um biscoito recheado enriquecido com fibras e com menor teor de gordura, analisar a composição de fibras e lipídeos e verificar a aceitabilidade do biscoito elaborado em comparação a um biscoito industrializado. As análises de fibra bruta e lipídeos foram realizadas em duplicatas, segundo metodologia descrita pela AOAC (1995). A análise sensorial foi realizada com 50 crianças, com idades entre sete e 10 anos, em uma Instituição Privada de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), utilizando uma ficha de avaliação com escala hedônica facial de três pontos. Houve redução no teor de gorduras e aumento no teor de fibras do biscoito elaborado. Além disso, verificou-se que o biscoito elaborado obteve uma boa aceitação, não diferindo estatisticamente do industrializado.

Nowadays, it is observed that children consume food containing a large amount of fat and low quantity of fiber such as: candies, snacks, fast food and filled cookies. Because of the need to develop healthier food, the aim of this study was to develop cookie enriched with fiber and less fat content, analyze the fiber and fat composition and verify the acceptability of the cookies in comparison to an industrialized cookie. The analysis of crude fiber and fat were performed in duplicates according to AOAC (1995) methodology. The sensory analysis was performed with 50 children aged between 7 and 10 years-old at a private institution in Santa Maria - RS, using as evaluation form a hedonic facial scale with three points. According to the results it can be concluded that cookie prepared had a good acceptance, without statistics difference between the industrialized one, as well as, achieved a reduction in fat content and an increase in the fiber content.